![]() ![]() Chopin invited Rubinstein to his studio and played for him. In December 1840, Rubinstein played in the Salle Érard for an audience that included Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt. Rubinstein and Villoing remained in Paris for a year. Later that year Rubinstein's mother sent him, accompanied by Villoing, to Paris where he sought unsuccessfully to enroll at the Paris Conservatoire. Rubinstein made his first public appearance at a charity benefit concert at the age of nine. His mother, a competent musician, began giving him piano lessons at five, until the teacher Alexander Villoing heard and accepted Rubinstein as a non-paying student. Rubinstein's father opened a pencil factory in Moscow. My conclusion is that I am neither fish nor fowl-a pitiful individual.Īnton Rubinstein, Gedankenkorb (1897) The classicists think me a futurist, and the futurists call me a reactionary. Pianists call me a composer, composers call me a pianist. Russians call me German, Germans call me Russian, Jews call me a Christian, Christians a Jew. He composed many other works, including five piano concertos, six symphonies and many solo piano works along with a substantial output of works for chamber ensemble. ![]() He wrote 20 operas, the best known of which is The Demon. Rubinstein played this series throughout Russia and Eastern Europe and in the United States when he toured there.Īlthough best remembered as a pianist and educator (most notably in the latter as the composition teacher of Tchaikovsky), Rubinstein was also a prolific composer throughout much of his life. He became most famous for his series of historical recitals-seven enormous, consecutive concerts covering the history of piano music. He was the elder brother of Nikolai Rubinstein, who founded the Moscow Conservatory.Īs a pianist, Rubinstein ranks among the great 19th-century keyboard virtuosos. Anton Grigor'evič Rubinštejn 28 November 1829 – 20 November 1894) was a Russian pianist, composer and conductor who became a pivotal figure in Russian culture when he founded the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. Ultimately, however, the merging of conservative, progressive, cosmopolitan, and nationalistic elements in Tchaikovsky's symphonies solidified a Russian symphonic style that was held in high regard throughout Russia and Western Europe.Petergof, Saint Petersburg, Russian EmpireĪnton Grigoryevich Rubinstein (Russian: Антон Григорьевич Рубинштейн, tr. Neither the conservative nor progressive side was victorious in the struggle over the direction of Russian symphonic music, since each tended to adopt rather extreme positions. Examining the structural components of the symphonies by these composers reveals their individual conservative and progressive tendencies and allows a comparison of their approaches. Pytor Tchaikovsky's symphonies are included because he was influenced by both Rubinstein and Balakirev, being a graduate of the conservatory and later a student of Balakirev. Balakirev, Borodin, and Rimsky-Korsakov were the only members of the Five to write symphonies, but those works, like Rubinstein’s, did not receive widespread recognition. The difference in philosophy of Rubinstein and the Five is reflected in the formal designs, large-scale tonal relationships, and harmonic practice that characterize their symphonies. However, the Russian Five (composers Mily Balakirev, Alexsandr Borodin, César Cui, Modest Musorgsky, and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov) opposed Rubinstein’s traditional approach to music education, promoting instead nationalism that relied on folk music and themes to convey a distinctively Russian character. The conservatory bestowed a rank on musicians and improved the quality of musical education. Petersburg Conservatory that music became a recognized profession. It was not until Anton Rubinstein founded the St. For cultural and political reasons, acceptance of music as a serious art form and recognition of musicians in society were delayed until the nineteenth century.
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